Different Departments Of Government Research Articles

Identifying Urban Tourism Development Challenges in Mahikeng

This research aimed to identify urban tourism development challenges in Mahikeng. Using a quantitative research method, a self-administered questionnaire was developed and distributed online. A database consisting of active tourism product suppliers in Mahikeng, obtained from the Department of Economic Development, Environment, Conservation and Tourism (DEDECT) was used. Fifty-two completed questionnaires were returned out of 60. To reach the aim of this study, descriptive statistics and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were done, which yielded four factors: provincial-level management challenges, national-level management challenges, municipal-level management challenges, and private sector management challenges. There is a lack of coordination and planning among different departments of government, while the private sector is heavily relying on government support. Through these results, tourism product suppliers in Mahikeng can strive towards self-motivation and form tourism associations. Government can revisit their tourism strategic management objectives to overcome the identified challenges and, in turn, ensure sustainable urban tourism development in Mahikeng.

Ontology-Based Approach of E-government for Interoperability

There is a need for the exchange and sharing of knowledge between the department of government in the e-government system. Therefore, this paper ‘Ontology-Based Approach of E-government’ will discuss the scope of interoperability. With the e-government ontology, there will be proper semantics by using web ontology language (OWL) which helps to give clearer relation and semantics. To have an ontology, knowledge management is important and architecture/framework design is essential. The development of the e-government system is to serve citizens and organizations. However, e-government systems with heterogeneous database and distributed in nature have made difficult to integrate or interoperate. Therefore, developing a knowledge base (KB) is the major task that e-government focuses on. With KB definition and description, it will ensure clarity about e-government services. Knowledge management is important for e-government and the use of ontology is an effective way in semantic technologies. This ontology will enhance the processing of services and data between different departments in government. This kind of ontology will give a common understanding of knowledge and interoperability between the different departments of government. It will also offer effective and efficient value towards the e-government services by which citizens will be benefitted eventually.

"Current status and prospects of Ayurveda nutraceuticals in Kathmandu, Nepal”

Holistic considerations and personalized dietary planning constitute the basic features of the Ayurvedic concept of nutrition, which will provide optimal health and disease prevention. Nutraceuticals is a connecting link where both the system of medicine should shake their hand with enduring hardcore research and mutual acceptance of both the systems. Nutraceuticals are all about the nutritional fulfilment of the body requirement. There are many reasons for nutritional deficiencies which lead to ailments and degenerative processes. Nutraceutical products provide nutritional supplement which alleviate the symptoms and prevent from further degeneration. Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned to collect information regarding Ayurveda nutraceuticals available in the market of Kathmandu Valley. The electronic databases like Google scholar, Cochrane library, Pubmed, Scopus, Web science, Science direct, Research gate etc. were searched for published articles. Libraries of universities or departments of different ministries and websites and publications of different departments of government of Nepal, ancient/Ayurvedic literatures were searched for relevant literature. Scope: This work may be considered as a potential source for generating data on the current status of Ayurvedic nutraceuticals in Nepal. Some recommendations have also been put forward to strengthen the field of Ayurvedic nutraceuticals in Nepal.

Rural Employment and Labour Livelihood in Bihar: Village Level Analysis

The study analyses the changing employment and livelihood pattern of labor households during the last four years using panel data. The labor households are those who earned more than fifty per cent income through wage earning in farm and non-farm sectors. There is decline in proportion of labor households but clear evidence of transition of labor force has been observed from farm to non-farm sector during last four years. Some of the self-employed households in the agricultural sector moved towards the labor force, indicating a rise in the number of land owning labor households.Literacy level of laborers showed increasing trend but about one–third woman laborers are still illiterate in Bihar. There is no cast bar in joining the labor force. Asset poverty is very high and the incidence of livestock possession also declined continuously which was due to increase in fodder price, division of family, un-renumerative price of milk, introduction of tractor for ploughing. Labor households' access to toilet increased but about three-fourth of them still do not have toilet in the area under study. There was increase in employment for male in both farm and non-farm sector but increase was higher in non-farm sector than farm sector. Women employment in farm sector declined from 69 days in 2010 to 41 days in 2013 whereas there was an increase their employment in non-farm sector. The transition of labor force from farm to non-farm sector has been fast during last four years. The role of non–farm sector in providing rural employment has increased and strategy to increase non-farm employment may be one of potential pathways for alleviating poverty in Bihar. Some of the labor employed in farm sector and self-employed households in the agricultural sector moved towards the non-farm sector for employment. The trend in real wage rate showed that non-farm wage has grown faster than the farm wage. We observed that wage employment in general is superior to self-employment on very small size of farms in rural areas. Both farm and non–farm sectors witnessed increase in wages of labors during last four years but the increase was much higher in non-farm sector (65%) than farm sector (15%).Male laborers were employed on higher wages than women laborers in both farm and non-farm sectors in villages under study. Wages in farm sector in not only low but it does not provide regular employment whereas wages in non–farm is higher and employment is more regular. Wage determinant analysis revealed that a healthy, educated and land owning adult male laborer is likely to get higher wages whereas the caste of labor is not a significant factor for payment of wages in rural Bihar. Non-farm sector emerged as a major source for providing employment and generating income on labor households. Income through farming constituted about 8 to 12 per cent of total income on labor households but it fluctuates from year to year because farming is still dependent on extent of rainfall. Remittances emerged as the second most important source of income on labor households because migration for gainful employment is one of the important strategies for maintaining in Bihar, particularly on poor households. Analysis of income of poor and non-poor labor households indicates declining trend in income through wages through non–farm on poor labor households but it observed increasing trend on non-poor labor households, indicating positive effect of non-farm employment in increasing income and alleviating poverty on labor households. Income through employment in agriculture sector is declining but agricultural is still likely to be a key driver of growth even in the non-agricultural economy through linkages. Policies to extend systematic skill and training opportunities will help better opportunities of employment for migrants and non-farm workers which will help reducing poverty and improving livelihood of labor households in rural Bihar.Institutional credit flow is lower in Bihar and Agricultural labor households have much less access to institutional sources of credit. They depend on non–institutional credit sources for meeting their credit need. About one-third of labor households borrowed mainly meeting expenses of consumption credit including for meeting expenses of treatment of their family members.Various programs for welfare and development of the weaker section are implemented by different departments of government. But labor households have more access to social security schemes and project targeted to poor households (BPL families) than program launched for benefits of bot poor and non-poor households. However, programs like, MANREGAS, IAY, KCC and SHG have almost seized to operate in villages under study. Hence, there is need to revive these projects with more focus to the weaker section of society for the benefit of labor households.

Flattening the major oil spill response resources deployment: A case study of China

The major marine oil spill accidents are frequently occurred in recent years. The major marine oil spill emergency should command by the national level department. Because of the command of the accident involves many departments, and the accident situation is complex, to command the accident have many difficulties and problems. And the deployment of emergency resources is a vital part of the emergency command. The spill response resources have different categories, which belong to different industries, different departments of government at all levels, therefore, to achieve effective deployment of large-scale resources in a short time have much higher difficulty. Thus, this poster used flat management theory to solve the problem of emergency resources deployment in China. To optimized the major oil spill emergency command system, and base on this, gave the suggestions of the resources deploy mode. In this way, the deployment of resources procedures could be simplified, to achieve rapid deployment of resources.

Seventy-five years of resource administration in northern Canada

These words were written by an American senator from California about his experience in the Klondike Gold Rush of 1898. In the Canadian north of the 1890's, government meant public order. The first resident servants of the Dominion Government were an Inspector and twenty men of the North-West Mounted Police who were assigned to the Yukon in 1894 to “represent all the different departments of government in the district” (Canada, Department of Interior 1907, p 15).

Canadian Price Control Since 1939

FROM the beginning of the war until April 1, 1947, the official cost of living index for the Dominion of Canada rose not quite 30 per cent, against a rise of some 80 per cent in the comparable period of the First World War. Meanwhile the index of wholesale prices rose not quite 70 per cent, against 150 per cent in the earlier period. These relatively small increases since 1939 are a measure of the success of the Canadian Government in general and the Wartime Prices and Trade Board in particular in stabilizing prices and controlling wartime inflationary forces. Price changes since 1939 for both Canada and the United States are shown in the accompanying chart. The Wartime Prices and Trade Board was set up on September 3, 1939, one week before Canada declared war on Germany. As originally constituted and as later expanded, the Board possessed within its own staff and its committees an unusually representative group of persons, drawn from several different departments of Government, from private industry, from banks, insurance companies, universities, and the p ofessions of law and accounting. Finally, the special interests of housewives were represented by a separate division whose function was to present the viewpoint of consumers. This variety of composition of the Board and its committees was an important factor in co-ordinating the operations of the Board and the policy of the different departments of Government. Owing to heavy surpluses of many commodities and in view of the large reservoirs of unemployed labor and unused industrial capacity existing at the outbreak of the conflict, the Board at first was able to confine its attention to